Please see below for a list of my published academic papers with links to online versions. If you are having difficulty accessing any work you wish to read, please get in touch. For details about my books, please see the books page; for details about articles in newspapers, magazines, blogs, etc., please see the media page.
Journal articles
Milburn, Josh. 2026. The virtues of cultivated meat. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. 39 (5): 1-18. doi: 10.1007/s10806-025-09967-z. Open access.
Bobier, Christopher, and Josh Milburn. 2024. Eating food produced in harmful ways: Wrongful complicity or moral tragedy? Journal of Applied Animal Ethics Research 6 (2): 115-34. doi: 10.1163/25889567-bja10055. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh, and Rachel Robison-Greene. 2024. New challenges to cultivated meat. Philosophical Inquiries 12 (2): 87-108. doi: 10.4454/philinq.v12i2.509. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2023. Welcoming, wild animals, and obligations to assist. Ethics, Policy & Environment 26 (2): 231-48. doi: 10.1080/21550085.2023.2200730. (Open access text.) (Republished version of an earlier article in the Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics; later republished in the book Positive Duties to Wild Animals.)
Milburn, Josh, and Sara Van Goozen. 2023. Animals and the ethics of war: A call for an inclusive just-war theory. International Relations 37 (3): 423-48. doi: 10.1177/00471178231191297. (Open access.)
Oven, Alice, Barbara Yoxon, and Josh Milburn. 2022. Investigating the market for cultivated meat as pet food: A survey analysis. PLOS One 17 (12): e0275009. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275009. (Open access.)
Milburn, Josh, and Christopher Bobier. 2022. New omnivorism: A novel approach to food and animal ethics. Food Ethics 7 (5): 1-17. doi: 10.1007/s41055-022-00098-z. (Open access.)
Milburn, Josh. 2022. Should vegans compromise? Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 25 (2): 281-93. doi: 10.1080/13698230.2020.1737477. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh, and Alasdair Cochrane. 2021. Should we protect animals from hate speech? Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 41 (4): 1149-73. doi: 10.1093/ojls/gqab013. (Open access.)
Milburn, Josh. 2021. Welcoming, wild animals, and obligations to assist. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 34 (33): 1-20. doi: 10.1007/s10806-021-09873-0. (Open access.) (Later republished in Ethics, Policy & Environment and the book Positive Duties to Wild Animals.)
Milburn, Josh, and Sara Van Goozen. 2021. Counting animals in war: First steps towards an inclusive just-war theory. Social Theory and Practice 47 (4): 657-85. doi: 10.5840/soctheorpract2020123110. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2021. Zero-compromise veganism. Ethics and Education 16 (3): 375-391. doi: 10.1080/17449642.2021.1927320. (Open access.)
Milburn, Josh, and Bob Fischer. 2021. The freegan challenge to veganism. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 34 (3): 17. doi: 10.1007/s10806-021-09859-y. (Open access.)
Milburn, Josh. 2020. A novel argument for vegetarianism? Zoopolitics and respect for animal corpses. Animal Studies Journal 9 (2): 240-59. (Open access.)
Fischer, Bob, and Josh Milburn. 2019. In defence of backyard chickens. Journal of Applied Philosophy 36 (1): 108-23. doi: 10.1111/japp.12291. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2018. Death-free dairy? The ethics of clean milk. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 31 (2): 261-79. doi: 10.1007/s10806-018-9723-x. (Open access.)
Milburn, Josh. 2018. Nozick’s libertarian critique of Regan. Between the Species 20 (1): 68-93. (Open access.)
Milburn, Josh. 2017. Nonhuman animals as property holders: An exploration of the Lockean labour-mixing account. Environmental Values 26 (5): 629-48. doi: 10.3197/096327117X15002190708155. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2016. Chewing over in vitro meat: Animal ethics, cannibalism and social progress. Res Publica 22 (3): 249-65. doi: 10.1007/s11158-016-9331-4. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository. (Winner of the 2016 Res Publica essay prize.)
Milburn, Josh. 2016. The demandingness of Nozick’s ‘Lockean’ proviso. European Journal of Political Theory 15 (3): 276-92. doi: 10.1177/1474885114562978. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2015. Not only humans eat meat: Companions, sentience and vegan politics. Journal of Social Philosophy 46 (4): 449-62. doi: 10.1111/josp.12131. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2015. Rabbits, stoats and the predator problem: Why a strong animal rights position need not call for human intervention to protect prey from predators. Res Publica 21 (3): 273-89. doi: 10.1007/s11158-015-9281-2. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Comments in peer reviewed journals
Milburn, Josh. Forthcoming. Liberal political philosophy and animal rights: a reply to commentators. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy. doi: 10.1080/13698230.2025.2499372. Author accepted version on Academia.edu (free to read/download with a signup); open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository (under embargo until 2026).
Milburn, Josh. 2025. Let them eat hake? Nussbaum and veganism. The Review of Politics 87 (3): 421-4. doi: 10.1017/S0034670525000099. (Open access.)
Milburn, Josh. 2025. Veganism (and method) in political philosophy: A response to B.V.E. Hyde. Between the Species 28 (1): 157-164. (Open access.)
Milburn, Josh. 2024. Relational animal ethics (and why it isn’t easy). Food Ethics 9 (6): 1-11. doi: 10.1007/s41055-023-00139-1. (Open access.)
Milburn, Josh. 2023. Plant sentience and the case for ethical veganism. Animal Sentience 33 (5): 1-2. doi: 10.51291/2377-7478.1773. (Open access.)
Milburn, Josh. 2019. Sentientist politics gone wild. Politics and Animals 5: 19-24. (Open access.)
Book chapters
Milburn, Josh. 2019. Vegetarian eating. In: Handbook of Eating and Drinking, edited by Herbert L. Meiselman. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-75388-1_135-2. Author accepted version on Academia.edu (free to read/download with a signup). (Updated version of earlier published chapter.)
Milburn, Josh. 2025. Consuming pets. In: Consuming the Environment, edited by Myra Hird, 92-104. Routledge. Author accepted version on Academia.edu (free to read/download with a signup); open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository (under embargo until 2026).
Milburn, Josh. 2025. Welcoming, wild animals, and obligations to assist. In: Positive Duties to Wild Animals, edited by Kyle Johannsen, 79-96. Routledge. (Version of a paper originally published in the Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics and Ethics, Policy, & Environment; both versions of these versions are available open access, so to read this chapter, please see above.)
Milburn, Josh. 2024. The ethics of plant-based pet food. In: The Plant-based and Vegan Handbook: Psychological and Multidisciplinary Perspectives, edited by Yanoula Athanassakis, Renan Larue, and William O’Donohue, 571-586. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-63083-5_34. Author accepted version on Academia.edu (free to read/download with a signup); open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository (under embargo until 2026).
Milburn, Josh. 2023. Freeganism: A (cautious) defense. In: New Omnivorism and Strict Veganism: Critical Perspectives, edited by Cheryl Abbate and Christopher Bobier. Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9781003204152-3. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2022. Ethics of meat alternatives. In: Meat and Meat Replacements: An Interdisciplinary Assessment of Current Status and Future Directions, edited by Herbert L. Meiselman and Jose M. Lorenzo. Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-85838-0.00007-9. Author accepted version on Academia.edu (free to read/download with a signup).
Milburn, Josh. 2022. The philosophical essay. In: The Edinburgh Companion to Vegan Literary Studies, edited by Laura Wright and Emelia Quinn, 222-30. Edinburgh University Press. doi: 10.1515/9781474493321-017. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Coulter, Kendra, and Josh Milburn. 2022. (Not) serving animals and aiming higher: Cultivating ethical plant-based businesses and humane jobs. In: Animals and Business Ethics, edited by Natalie Thomas, 43-66. Palgrave Macmillan. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-97142-7_3. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2021. The analytic philosophers: Peter Singer’s Animal Liberation and Tom Regan’s The Case for Animal Rights. In: The Routledge Handbook of Vegan Studies, edited by Laura Wright, 39-49. Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9781003020875-5. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2019. Vegetarian eating. In: Handbook of Eating and Drinking, edited by Herbert L. Meiselman. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-75388-1_135-1. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository. (Later updated; see above.)
Milburn, Josh. 2017. Robert Nozick on nonhuman animals: Rights, value and the meaning of life. In: Ethical and Political Approaches to Nonhuman Animal Issues, edited by Andrew Woodhall and Gabriel Garmendia da Trindade. Palgrave Macmillan. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-54549-3_5. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2017. The animal lovers’ paradox? On the ethics of ‘pet food’. In: Pets and People, edited by Christine Overall, 187-202. Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456085.003.0013. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2016. Nonhuman animals and sovereignty: On Zoopolis, failed states and institutional relationships with free-living animals. In: Intervention or Protest, edited by Andrew Woodhall and Gabriel Garmendia da Trindade, 183-212. Vernon Press. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2016. Animal rights and food: Beyond Regan, beyond vegan. In: The Routledge Handbook of Food Ethics, edited by Mary Rawlinson and Caleb Ward, 284-93. Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9781315745503.ch27. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Articles in professional encyclopedias
Milburn, Josh. 2020. Animal property rights. In: Global Encyclopedia of Territorial Rights, edited by Michael Kocsis. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-68846-6_72-1. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2020. Animal sovereignty theory. In: Global Encyclopedia of Territorial Rights, edited by Michael Kocsis. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-68846-6_71-1. Author accepted version on Academia.edu (free to read/download with a signup).
Milburn, Josh. 2017. Clean milk. In: Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics (Second Edition), edited by Paul B. Thompson and David M. Kaplan. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_598-1. Author accepted version on Academia.edu (free to read/download with a signup).
Milburn, Josh. 2016. Pet food: Ethical issues. In: Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics (Second Edition), edited by Paul B. Thompson and David M. Kaplan. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_586-1. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Book reviews
Milburn, Josh. 2025. Ethical Omnivores: Better Eating for Everyone, by Samantha Noll. Food Ethics. 10 (23): 1-6. doi: 10.1007/s41055-025-00181-1. Author accepted version at Academia.edu (free to read/download with a signup).
Milburn, Josh. 2024. Review: The Ethics of Animal Beauty, by Samantha Vice. Environmental Philosophy. 21 (2): 237-40. doi: 10.5840/envirophil2024212147. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2024. A review of Dan C. Shahar’s Why It’s OK to Eat Meat and Per Bauhn’s Animal Suffering, Human Rights, and the Virtue of Justice. Between the Species 27 (1): 170-8. (Open access.)
Milburn, Josh. 2023. Review: Catia Faria, Animal Ethics in the Wild: Wild Animal Suffering and Intervention in Nature. Utilitas 35 (4): 329-32. doi:10.1017/S0953820823000201. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2023. Jeff Sebo. Saving Animals, Saving Ourselves: Why Animal Matter for Pandemics, Climate Change, and Other Catastrophes. Environmental Ethics 45 (2): 203-206. doi: 10.5840/enviroethics202345254. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2022. Review of Animals, Political Liberalism and Public Reason, by Federico Zuolo. Between the Species 25 (1): 119-123. (Open access.)
Milburn, Josh. 2023. Anne Barnhill and Matteo Bonotti: Healthy Eating Policy and Political Philosophy: A Public Reason Approach. Food Ethics 8 (2). doi: 10.1007/s41055-022-00112-4. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2020. Review of Food Ethics: The Basics by Ronald Sandler. Food Ethics 5 (16). doi: 10.1007/s41055-020-00074-5. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2020. Review of Critical Terms for Animal Studies, edited by Lori Gruen. Environmental Politics 29 (6): 1120-1121. doi: 10.1080/09644016.2020.1789300. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2020. Review of The Oxford Handbook of Food Ethics. Between the Species 23 (1): 238-46. (Open access.)
Milburn, Josh. 2019. Review: When Animals Speak: Toward an Interspecies Democracy, by Eva Meijer. Metapsychology Online Reviews 23 (51). (Open access.)
Milburn, Josh. 2018. Critical Perspectives on Veganism, edited by Jodey Castricano and Rasmus R. Simonsen. Journal of Animal Ethics 8 (2): 262-3. doi: 10.5406/janimalethics.8.2.0252. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2017. Review: Animal Property Rights, by John Hadley. Res Publica 23 (1): 147-51. doi: 10.1007/s11158-016-9345-y. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2016. Review: Political Animals and Animal Politics, edited by Marcel Wissenburg and David Schlosberg. Political Studies Review 14 (3): 427-8. doi: 10.1177/1478929916656570. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2016. Review: Towards a Right-Libertarian Welfare State, by Joachim Wündisch. Political Studies Review 14 (2): 252-3. doi: 10.1177/1478929916630914z. Open access author accepted version in the Loughborough University repository.
Milburn, Josh. 2015. Protection for the sentient in the nonideal world: A review of Robert Garner’s A Theory of Justice for Animals. Journal of Animal Ethics 5 (1): 69-75. doi: 10.5406/janimalethics.5.1.0069.
Josh Milburn 